{"id":1748,"date":"2025-02-25T17:03:31","date_gmt":"2025-02-25T17:03:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/centredmv.switch.makemagik.com\/understanding-fiv-and-felv-in-cats-diagnosis-management-and-best-practices-for-veterinarians\/"},"modified":"2025-03-11T14:52:56","modified_gmt":"2025-03-11T14:52:56","slug":"understanding-fiv-and-felv-in-cats-diagnosis-management-and-best-practices-for-veterinarians","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/centredmvet.com\/en\/understanding-fiv-and-felv-in-cats-diagnosis-management-and-best-practices-for-veterinarians\/","title":{"rendered":"Understanding FIV and FeLV in cats: Diagnosis, management and best practices for veterinarians"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; el_class=&#8221;text-lead-blog&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<h2 aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Introduction<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134245418\":true,\"134245529\":true,\"335559738\":480,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) are two of the most common retroviruses in cats. These infectious diseases cause immune disorders, severe secondary infections and, in the case of FeLV, neoplasia. This article aims to provide general practice veterinarians with a thorough understanding of diagnostic methods, management protocols and preventive practices for cats with FIV and FeLV.  <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span>[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=&#8221;1483&#8243; image_size=&#8221;full&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;entrance&#8221; animation=&#8221;None&#8221; animation_movement_type=&#8221;transform_y&#8221; hover_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; alignment=&#8221;&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; box_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; image_loading=&#8221;default&#8221; max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_mobile=&#8221;default&#8221;][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<h2 aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What is a retrovirus?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134245418\":true,\"134245529\":true,\"335559738\":200,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Retroviruses, such as FIV and FeLV, are RNA viruses that use reverse transcription to integrate into host DNA. Once integrated, the virus persists in the cat&#8217;s cells, causing chronic infections. These infections are difficult to eradicate, requiring long-term care and management.  <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<h2 aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Diagnosis of FIV and FeLV<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134245418\":true,\"134245529\":true,\"335559738\":200,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Early diagnosis is essential to improve the quality of life of cats infected with FIV and FeLV. Several diagnostic tools are available to detect these infections. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<h3 aria-level=\"3\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Diagnostic tests for IVF<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134245418\":true,\"134245529\":true,\"335559738\":200,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211; SNAP Test: Detects anti-IVF antibodies.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211; ELISA: Test used to confirm the presence of anti-IVF antibodies.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211; Western blot: Confirms the presence of antibodies for each viral protein.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211; PCR: Search for the provirus embedded in DNA, particularly useful for confirming infection.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<h3 aria-level=\"3\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Diagnostic tests for FeLV<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134245418\":true,\"134245529\":true,\"335559738\":200,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211; SNAP Test: Detects FeLV antigens.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211; ELISA and IFA: Detect antigens in infected white blood cells.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211; PCR: Confirms integration of the virus in the cat&#8217;s DNA.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<h3 aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Clinical signs of FIV and FeLV<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134245418\":true,\"134245529\":true,\"335559738\":200,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/h3>\n<p aria-level=\"3\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">IVF: Stages and symptoms<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134245418\":true,\"134245529\":true,\"335559738\":200,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FIV-infected cats present three main clinical stages:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">  Acute phase: fever, depression, lymphadenopathy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">  Latent phase: Cats may remain asymptomatic for years.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">  Terminal phase: Recurrent infections, weight loss, anemia, and chronic bacterial infections. Neurological complications such as encephalopathy may also occur. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p aria-level=\"3\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">FeLV: Symptoms<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134245418\":true,\"134245529\":true,\"335559738\":200,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FeLV is associated with a range of symptoms including :<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211; Immunosuppression: Increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211; Anemia: often due to bone marrow depression.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211; Lymphomas: located in organs such as the thymus, liver and intestines.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211; Neurological complications and liver disease.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<h2 aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Managing FIV+ and FeLV+ cats<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134245418\":true,\"134245529\":true,\"335559738\":200,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 aria-level=\"3\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">IVF management<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134245418\":true,\"134245529\":true,\"335559738\":200,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Cats with FIV require regular monitoring and specialized care to limit secondary infections. Key recommendations: <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211; Indoor living to avoid fighting with other cats and limit propagation.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211; Nutrition: Avoid raw food to minimize the risk of further infections.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211; Bi-annual veterinary examination: Early detection of complications.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<h3 aria-level=\"3\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">FeLV management<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134245418\":true,\"134245529\":true,\"335559738\":200,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Cats infected with FeLV must also be monitored regularly. Bi-annual examinations are recommended to assess symptoms related to immunosuppression and detect any tumors. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<h2 aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Vaccination and Prevention<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134245418\":true,\"134245529\":true,\"335559738\":200,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 aria-level=\"3\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">FeLV prevention<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134245418\":true,\"134245529\":true,\"335559738\":200,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Vaccination against FeLV is strongly recommended for cats with access to the outdoors or living in a community with other cats. This helps prevent transmission, especially in shelters and multi-cat households. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<h3 aria-level=\"3\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">FIV vaccination<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134245418\":true,\"134245529\":true,\"335559738\":200,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FIV vaccine is available, but its use is controversial. It is advisable to assess the risks and benefits on a case-by-case basis, especially for cats living outdoors or in high-risk environments. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<h2 aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Conclusion<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134245418\":true,\"134245529\":true,\"335559738\":200,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FIV and FeLV are chronic diseases requiring rigorous veterinary management. As a veterinarian, it is essential to make cat owners aware of the risks, the importance of early diagnosis, and prevention through vaccination. By ensuring regular medical follow-up, affected cats can live long lives with improved quality of life.  <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221;&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":1486,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1748","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-cats"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - 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