{"id":1745,"date":"2019-08-01T00:00:18","date_gmt":"2019-08-01T00:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/centredmv.switch.makemagik.com\/patella-luxation-in-dogs-diagnosis-treatment-and-prognosis\/"},"modified":"2025-03-11T14:52:56","modified_gmt":"2025-03-11T14:52:56","slug":"patella-luxation-in-dogs-diagnosis-treatment-and-prognosis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/centredmvet.com\/en\/patella-luxation-in-dogs-diagnosis-treatment-and-prognosis\/","title":{"rendered":"Patella luxation in dogs: Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; el_class=&#8221;text-lead-blog&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<h2><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Introduction<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}\"> <\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">dislocation of the patella<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">  is a common orthopedic pathology, particularly in small-breed dogs. The   <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ball joint<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">  (or patella) is a bone located in the tendon of the quadriceps muscle, essential to the proper functioning of the knee joint. When the patella moves abnormally out of its normal position in the femoral trochlea, we speak of   <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">dislocation<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. This condition can be   <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">medial<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> (inward dislocation) or <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">lateral<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">  (outward dislocation). Small breeds such as the Yorkshire Terrier, Chihuahua and Poodle are particularly prone to this condition. This article looks at the mechanisms of patella luxation, its diagnosis, treatment and prospects for recovery.  <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}\"> <\/span>[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=&#8221;1478&#8243; image_size=&#8221;full&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;entrance&#8221; animation=&#8221;None&#8221; animation_movement_type=&#8221;transform_y&#8221; hover_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; alignment=&#8221;&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; box_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; image_loading=&#8221;default&#8221; max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_mobile=&#8221;default&#8221;][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<h2><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Aetiology and predisposed breeds<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"134245418\":true,\"134245529\":true,\"335559738\":281,\"335559739\":281}\"> <\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">dislocation of the patella<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">  is mainly caused by congenital or developmental abnormalities that affect the alignment of the extensor apparatus of the knee. Factors that may contribute to this condition include: <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Abnormal bone shape<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Malformation of the femur, tibia or tibial crest.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Shallow or absent femoral trochlea<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> or absent.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Hip anomalies<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Certain hip deformities can increase the risk of dislocation.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Certain breeds of dog are predisposed to patella luxation, including :<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Yorkshire Terrier<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Chihuahua<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Miniature poodle<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Cocker Spaniel<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"8\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Boston Terrier<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"9\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Bichon Frise<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"10\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Bulldog<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"11\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Labrador Retriever<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"12\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Golden Retriever<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Patellar dislocation can also occur in large breeds, although this is less common.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<h2 aria-level=\"3\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Symptoms of Patella Luxation<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"134245418\":true,\"134245529\":true,\"335559738\":281,\"335559739\":281}\"> <\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">symptoms<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">  of patella dislocation vary according to the severity of the dislocation (classified into 4 grades), and can range from simple discomfort to total inability to use the affected limb. Here are the most common signs: <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"13\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Intermittent lameness<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> The dog may limp, skip a few steps, then regain a normal gait after shaking or stretching its leg.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"14\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Cowboy gait<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Hindquarters may appear to bow inward.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"15\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Decreased activity<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> The dog may be less active or avoid games requiring rapid movement.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"16\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Muscular atrophy<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Loss of muscle mass in the thigh due to lack of use of the limb.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"17\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Knee pain<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> The dog may show signs of pain when the knee is manipulated.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"18\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Clunking sensation<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Dislocation of the patella may cause a noise or sliding sensation when manipulating the knee.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">If left untreated, the condition can evolve into <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">permanent lameness<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> and lead to <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">degeneration<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> such as osteoarthritis.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<h2 aria-level=\"3\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Diagnosis of patella dislocation<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"134245418\":true,\"134245529\":true,\"335559738\":281,\"335559739\":281}\"> <\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Visit <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">diagnosis<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">  of patella dislocation is based on clinical examination. Palpation of the knee allows us to assess the stability of the patella and determine the severity of the dislocation. Dislocations are classified into 4 grades:  <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"19\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Grade 1<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> The patella can be dislocated manually, but returns spontaneously to its original position.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"20\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Grade 2<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Patella occasionally dislocates, but can be replaced manually or spontaneously.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"21\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Grade 3<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> The patella is permanently dislocated, but can be replaced by manipulation.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"22\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Grade 4<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> The patella is permanently dislocated and cannot be replaced manually.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">From <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">X-rays<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> can be taken to assess bone structure, measure the degree of osteoarthritis and plan surgery if necessary.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<h2 aria-level=\"3\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Treatment Options for Patella Luxation<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"134245418\":true,\"134245529\":true,\"335559738\":281,\"335559739\":281}\"> <\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">treatment<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">  of patella dislocation depends on the severity of symptoms and the grade of dislocation. The main treatment options are as follows: <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<h3 aria-level=\"4\"><b><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Surgical treatment<\/span><\/i><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"134245418\":true,\"134245529\":true,\"335559738\":319,\"335559739\":319}\"> <\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Surgery is recommended for dislocations of grade 2 or higher, especially when symptoms are present. Surgical techniques include: <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"23\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Transposition of the tibial crest<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> This technique consists in moving the bony prominence where the patellar tendon attaches, thereby realigning the patella correctly.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"24\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Medial desmotomy and lateral imbrication<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Medial desmotomy involves loosening the tissues on the side where the patella luxates, while lateral imbrication tightens the tissues on the other side to hold the patella in place.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"25\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Trochleoplasty<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> This technique deepens the femoral trochlea, providing better anchorage for the patella.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"26\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Corrective osteotomies<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> In the case of severe bone deformities, surgical correction of the femoral or tibial axis may be necessary.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 aria-level=\"4\"><b><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Treatment Conservative<\/span><\/i><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"134245418\":true,\"134245529\":true,\"335559738\":319,\"335559739\":319}\"> <\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">For <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">grade 1<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In the absence of symptoms, regular monitoring is often sufficient. Conservative management includes : <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"27\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Weight control<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Optimum weight reduces pressure on joints.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"28\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Physiotherapy<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Physiotherapy can help strengthen the muscles around the knee and improve joint stability.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"29\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Chondroprotectors<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Glucosamine and chondroitin supplements help maintain joint health and prevent osteoarthritis.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 aria-level=\"3\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Prognosis and post-operative management<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"134245418\":true,\"134245529\":true,\"335559738\":281,\"335559739\":281}\"> <\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">prognosis<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">  after surgery is generally excellent, with the majority of dogs returning to a normal life. However, proper post-operative management is essential: <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"30\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Strict rest<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> for 6 to 8 weeks after surgery to allow healing.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"31\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Rehabilitation and physiotherapy<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> to restore mobility and prevent joint stiffness.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"32\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Weight control<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> to limit pressure on the joint.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 aria-level=\"3\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Conclusion<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"134245418\":true,\"134245529\":true,\"335559738\":281,\"335559739\":281}\"> <\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">dislocation of the patella<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">  is a common ailment in dogs, particularly small breeds. A   <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">early diagnosis<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> and <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">treatment<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Surgical and conservative treatments can significantly improve patients&#8217; quality of life. General veterinarians should be alert to signs of intermittent lameness and abnormal gait to detect this condition. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}\"> <\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221;&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":1477,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1745","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-dogs"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - 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